![]() ![]() A total of 48,850 men (49 % of the source population) answered the questionnaire. The COSM was initiated in the late autumn of 1997 when all men who were born between 19 and resided in Västmanland and Örebro counties received a mailed questionnaire about diet, beverage consumption, lifestyle, and other risk factors for chronic diseases. The COSM and the SMC are prospective cohorts of men and women, respectively, in central Sweden. Moreover, we conducted a meta-analysis of available studies of coffee consumption and risk of AF. To further clarify the relationship between coffee consumption and AF incidence, we examined this association in the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC). Given the serious complications of AF and the fact that coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world, assessing whether coffee consumption is associated with risk of AF has important public health implications. Patients with AF have a substantially increased risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia and all-cause mortality, and are a high economic burden for the society. In experimental animal models, caffeine administration has been shown to either reduce or increase the propensity for AF. Two recent meta-analyses of observational studies of caffeine intake in relation to AF risk did not support an association between a high caffeine intake and increased AF risk if anything, an inverse association was indicated. Several more recent randomized controlled trials have reported that caffeine intake produces an acute increase in blood pressure (mean change of 8 mm/Hg and 6 mm/Hg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, within <60–180 min after intake of 200–300 mg caffeine or coffee), whereas long-term (1–4 months) coffee consumption has no effect on blood pressure. Short-term metabolic studies in humans performed in the 1970s and 1980s showed that acute caffeine ingestion increased plasma renin activity, catecholamine concentrations and blood pressure, as well as shortened the refractory period of the right atrium, AV node and the right ventricle, and prolonged the refractory period of the left atrium. A major compound in coffee is caffeine, which is a vasoactive substance that can promote the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Whether coffee consumption also influences the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia, remains unclear. Moderate coffee consumption has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease. We found no evidence that coffee consumption is associated with increased risk of AF.Ĭoffee is a complex beverage containing many different chemical substances that may affect health. The overall relative risk (95 % confidence interval) of AF was 0.96 (0.84–1.08) for the highest versus lowest category of coffee consumption, and 0.99 (0.94–1.03) per 2 cups/day increment of coffee consumption. The lack of association was confirmed in a meta-analysis, including six cohort studies with a total of 10,406 cases of AF diagnosed among 248,910 individuals. Coffee consumption was not associated with AF incidence in these cohort studies. We ascertained 4,311 and 2,730 incident AF cases in men and women, respectively, in the two cohorts. Study-specific relative risks were combined using a random effects model. For the meta-analysis, prospective studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase through 22 July 2015, and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. ![]() Incident cases of AF were ascertained by linkage with the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. Our study population comprised 41,881 men in the Cohort of Swedish Men and 34,594 women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort who had provided information on coffee consumption in 1997 and were followed up for 12 years. We sought to investigate the association between coffee consumption and incidence of AF in two prospective cohorts, and to summarize available evidence using a meta-analysis. Whether coffee consumption affects the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. ![]()
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